Succulent Kebabs, Aromatic Biryani and a World More: Indian City Earns a Spot on the UNESCO Culinary List.

Biryani cooking via the classic Dum method
Biryani in Lucknow is prepared on a low, leisurely heat, with the pot's lid tightly sealed with dough.

Delectable kebabs, fragrant biryani, and fluffy, ethereal desserts.

The northern Indian city of Lucknow has long been a dream destination for epicures, with inhabitants and tourists alike praising its remarkable cuisine.

An International Accolade

Recently, The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization honored it as a UNESCO Creative City for Gastronomy – placing it on a prestigious group of world cities and sparking hopes that it will showcase Lucknow's exceptional food. With this designation, it joins a global network of more than four hundred metropolises across over 100 countries committed to promoting "innovation as a catalyst of city development that is sustainable".

The honor "demonstrates its centuries-old culinary traditions and dynamic food ecosystem," as stated by a official from UNESCO's Regional Office for South Asia.

Lucknow is merely the second Indian city – following Hyderabad, which was picked in 2019 – to earn a spot in this prestigious list of seventy urban centers internationally.

A Metropolis Shaped by Cuisine

The honor for this venerable city is little surprise to its locals or passionate food lovers. Many agree with the sentiment that it is "a recognition that was delayed".

With the UNESCO accolade, this adored, chaotic, and vibrant city – the administrative center of India's most populous state – is at last in the global gaze for what has perennially defined its heart: an immense devotion for food.

"'The day's menu, how will it be cooked' is a ongoing discussion from morning until night in most homes," explains a local cultural expert. "And you are truly assessed by the quality of food that emerges from your kitchen."
Melt-in-the-mouth kebabs as a dish
Lucknow is renowned for its incredibly tender kebabs.

A Royal Culinary Legacy

The Nawabi City – as it's popularly called after its 18th and 19th-century affluent Muslim rulers – is famed for its melt-in-the-mouth kebabs and a distinctive take on biryani that were invented, evolved, and raised to extraordinary levels in their royal kitchens.

These imperial kitchens were centers of gastronomic creativity, merging Iranian and native Indian styles to create what became known as the culinary tradition of Awadh.

It was during this time that Lucknow's most famous kebabs were developed. As the tale is told that the mutton galouti was created to cater to an ageing nawab who had no longer had his teeth. His cooks minced the meat with papaya, saffron, and a blend of spices and made it so silky that it needed no chewing.

But perhaps the biggest contribution of the chefs of Awadh was the slow-cook Dum pukht technique, where food is prepared on a low, leisurely heat, with the pot's lid tightly sealed with dough.

Beyond Kebabs and Biryani

Apart from the famous kebabs and biryani, the cooks also developed a vast array of dishes that included kormas (rich curries), sheermal (saffron-infused flatbread), and shahi tukda (a decadent bread pudding).

However, Lucknow is not only about kebabs and biryani – the region is additionally a dream for plant-based eaters.

The local traditionally vegetarian community's cuisine not only celebrates fresh harvests but also gives the city its highly curated Indian desserts, sweets, and distinctive street food, like chaat – tangy fried snacks.

Frothy dessert a winter specialty
The city presents unique treats for the season, such as Makkhan Malai, a unique frothy dessert, during winter months.

Time-Tested Food Joints

Virtually on many street corners, there are tiny kiosks and kiosks – little-known treasures that are immensely loved by the locals.

In the heart of the city of Hazratganj, throngs of people start gathering from early morning at a legendary tea stall to get a steaming cup of spiced tea with milk, served in earthenware cups, along with pillowy soft buns covered in hand-churned white butter.

For breakfast, one can head to a unpretentious joint located in the old city area of Aminabad. Nearly 150 years after it was set up, the place is still in great demand for its freshly fried kachoris (fried bread stuffed with lentils) and jalebis (crispy, syrup-soaked sweets).

Iconic tea stall offering masala chai
A legendary tea stall is known for its creamy spiced tea.

Safeguarding a Culinary Heritage

The city also offers remarkable seasonal delights, such as makkhan malai, a frothy dessert available in the winter. The method of making it is scientific and involved. The artisan beats the milk and then leaves it out at night, allowing the nighttime moisture to give it its amazing frothy texture.

On chilly mornings, street vendors can be seen in historic neighborhoods like Aminabad and Chowk. A number of however note that their younger generation do not want to learn the art.

A well-known culinary expert from Lucknow has noted that the city's immense food legacy puts it at the very pinnacle of the Indian street food experience. The significant impact from the UNESCO recognition, it is believed, will materialize only if Lucknow can now generate interest about its lesser-known eateries.

Every dish in Lucknow comes with a history – shaped by family-run food businesses, from humble street carts to bustling restaurants, and guarded family recipes.

The global recognition, it is believed, will motivate more people globally to learn these stories and visit the city to delight in the food wonders of Lucknow.

Denise Schultz
Denise Schultz

Elena Moss is a community development specialist and tech enthusiast focused on bridging digital access gaps in rural areas.